We are currently rolling out this training to law enforcement agencies across California. Vinodkumar Prabhakaran, Camilla Griffiths, Hang Su, Prateek Verma, Nelson Morgan, Jennifer Eberhardt, Dan Jurafsky: Detecting Institutional Dialog Acts in Police Traffic Stops. Eberhardt, J. L. (. 876 (2004). This product could help you, Accessing resources off campus can be a challenge. To some people, the disparities in police stops and incarceration are so extreme they can be interpreted only as signs of systemic racial bias (e.g., Alexander, 2010). An article illustrating that the standard portrayal of racism in social psychology is as an individual prejudice but that, as the authors show, an awareness of structural or sociocultural racism can be taught. 2020 Google Scholarship recipients. Two experiments showing that exposure to extreme disparities can cause people to become more, not less, supportive of the very policies that create those disparities. Perspectives on Psychological Science. . CNN panel blows up after guest suggests Blacks are prone to crime, Teaching about racism: Pernicious implications of the standard portrayal, The effect of self-affirmation on perception of racism, Prevalence of imprisonment in the U.S. population, 1974-2001, A national agenda to reduce mass incarceration, The police officer’s dilemma: Using ethnicity to disambiguate potentially threatening individuals, A hypothesis-confirming bias in labeling effects, Seeing Black: Race, crime, and visual processing, Precinct or prejudice? . Psychologist Jennifer Eberhardt explores the roots of unconscious bias—and its tragic consequences for U.S. society. Google Scholar; Jason M. Gold, Patrick J. Mundy, and Bosco S. Tjan. At Stanford, Eberhardt is a Professor of Psychology, the Morris M. Doyle Centennial Professor of Public Policy, and a Faculty Director of Stanford SPARQ, a university initiative to use social psychological research to address pressing social problems. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. (, Eberhardt, J. L., Goff, P. A., Purdie, V. J., Davies, P. G. (, Epp, C. R., Maynard-Moody, S., Haider-Markel, D. P. (, Guerino, P, Harrison, P. M., Sabol, W. J. When we described California’s three-strikes law and presented participants with a prison population that was less Black, 52% of them signed the petition compared with only 27% in the more-Black condition. 2008. . Add co-authors Co-authors. If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Disturbing as these disparities are, they are not as extreme as disparities in the criminal justice system, in which African Americans are 5.1 times more likely than Whites to be incarcerated (Nellis, 2016). A similar pattern has emerged in other places, including Boston; Greensboro, North Carolina; Los Angeles; and New York City (American Civil Liberties Union Foundation of Massachusetts, 2014; Ayres & Borowsky, 2008; Dunn, 2013; Goel, Rao, & Shroff, 2016; LaFraniere & Lehren, 2015). List of computer science publications by Jennifer Eberhardt. Citation Format: Johanna C. Bendell, Anthony W. Tolcher, Suzanne F. Jones, Muralidhar Beeram, Jeffrey R. Infante, Paul Larsen, Kevin Rasor, Jennifer E. Garrus, Jinfang Li, P. Louann Cable, Christine Eberhardt, Jennifer Schreiber, Selena Rush, Kenneth W. Wood, Emma Barrett, Amita Patnaik. The individualistic portrayal is problematic because institutions and systems greatly contribute to reinforcing and reproducing inequality. Google Scholar Cromley, Jennifer G. Perez, Tony Wills, Theodore W. Tanaka, Jacqueline C. Horvat, Erin McNamara and Agbenyega, Emily Tancredi-Brice 2013. Google Scholar. This site uses cookies. This "Cited by" count includes citations to the following articles in Scholar. We found that 60% of police stops were of Africans Americans, though they make up only 28% of the population of Oakland. Access to society journal content varies across our titles. Google Scholar. An article showing how informing Whites about racial disparities in executions bolsters support of the death penalty. (1987) from the University of Cincinnati, an A.M. (1990) and Ph.D. (1993) from Harvard University. Eberhardt, J. L., Goff, P. A., Purdie, V. J., & Davies, P. G. (2004). In response, activists bombard people with shocking statistics. © 2015 Mindset Scholars Network | All rights reserved. Follow this author . If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. PDF Restore Delete Forever. Black Americans surely feel the effects of these stereotypical associations: Nearly half of Blacks (47%) say someone in the past year has acted as if they were suspicious of them (Pew Research Center, 2016). Many scholars and activists alike assume the general public would be motivated to fight racial inequality if only they knew the full extent of existing disparities. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click on download. Sydney: AHRC. By continuing to browse In the absence of direct experience and engagement with racial inequality, one reason disparities do not speak for themselves is because there is more than one interpretation of what those differences reveal. 11. While an open question, it is unlikely that exposure to evidence of disparities has the same potential to backfire with people from other racial backgrounds. The faces were all of Stanford University students and staff, none of whom had any criminal history. (2007). Implicit bias and interpersonal regard i... Adams, G., Edkins, V., Lacka, D., Pickett, K. M., Cheryan, S. (, Adams, G., Tormala, T. T., O’Brien, L. T. (, American Civil Liberties Union Foundation of Massachusetts . Blagg, Harry. 2006. Visit our library to view Jennifer Eberhardt's papers related to learning mindsets. African Americans who say they have never experienced discrimination, however, are nearly twice as likely to see individual racism as the bigger problem (59% vs. 32%). Jennifer Eberhardt is a social psychologist at Stanford University and a leading authority on unconscious bias. We argue that bringing to mind racial disparities in this domain can trigger fear and stereotypic associations linking Blacks with crime. We, as a field, are guilty of this. By wide margins, Black respondents were more likely than White respondents to say Blacks are treated less fairly across a wide variety of settings, including the criminal justice system. Join Facebook to connect with Jennifer Eberhard and others you may know. . UPDATES Sign up to receive periodic updates from the Mindset Scholars Network. Awareness of the power of institutions can be taught. Changes in race and sex stereotype threat among diverse STEM students: Relation to grades and retention in the majors . An exploration of the scope and consequences of mass incarceration in America, in particular the role of imprisonment in exacerbating inequality. New articles related to this author's research. When White participants were informed about racial disparities in executions, 52% strongly favored the death penalty compared with 36% in a baseline condition (Peffley & Hurwitz, 2007). LeVine, Robert A./Campbell Donald T. 1972: Ethnocentrism: Theories of Conflict, Ethnic Attitudes and … Hilfe +49 (0)40 4223 6096 Suche eBooks . ‪University Hospital at Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of‬ - ‪4.152-mal zitiert‬ - ‪Nociception/ Pain/ Thermosensation‬ - ‪Ion Channels‬ - ‪Cold hypersensitivity/Cold allodynia‬ - ‪Electrogenesis at changing temperatures‬ The ones marked * may be different from the article in the profile. Focusing specifically on policing and incarceration, we explore why simply presenting evidence of extreme racial disparities in the criminal justice system can backfire. Add co-authors Co-authors. A series of studies showing that stereotypical associations linking Blacks and crime are bidirectional and can act as visual tuning devices; for instance, exposure to Black faces facilitates the detection of weapons and activating the concept of crime creates an attentional bias toward Black faces. Sharing links are not available for this article. Taken together, these studies suggest that informing White Americans of racially disproportionate incarceration may paradoxically bolster support for the very policies that perpetuate those disparities. (, Hetey, R. C., Monin, B., Maitreyi, A., Eberhardt, J. L. (, Kay, A. C., Gaucher, D., Peach, J. M., Laurin, K., Friesen, J., Zanna, M. P., Spencer, S. J. Analyzing traffic and pedestrian stops made in Oakland, California, for example, our team uncovered a consistent pattern of racial disparities. New articles by this author. With the goals of spurring future research and mitigating this paradoxical and unintended effect, we propose three potential strategies for more effectively presenting information about racial disparities: (a) offer context, (b) challenge associations, and (c) highlight institutions. Lived experience grounds an understanding and recognition of structural racism. African Americans who say they have personally experienced discrimination are equally divided over whether institutional racism or individual prejudice is the bigger problem for Black people today (44% each; Pew Research Center, 2016). Through interdisciplinary collaborations and a wide array of research methods, Eberhardt has revealed the startling, and often dispiriting, extent to which racial imagery and judgments suffuse our culture and society, and in particular shape actions and outcomes within our criminal justice system, schools, and workplaces. She studies the psychological association between race and crime and the dehumanization of Black Americans in contemporary society. Compared with Whites, African Americans are 2 times more likely to die as infants, 3.6 times more likely to experience childhood poverty, and 2 times more likely to have not completed high school (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017; National Center for Education Statistics, 2017; Patten & Krogstad, 2015). We are grateful to Karapanayiotides and colleagues (2020) for their description of a 57-year-old patient with acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE) and concentric demyelination suggestive of Baló’s disease, and for adding insights into the neurological manifestations of COVID-19. Racial disparities in the use of consent searches (LaFraniere & Lehren, 2015; Palomino, 2016), for instance, have led to policy changes that mandate officers to obtain written consent or explicitly tell community members they have the right to deny an officer’s request to search them (LaFraniere, 2016). They will join a community of over 2,600 Google scholars who are becoming leaders in their field and inspiring the next generation of computer science and gaming students. 467-481 view If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. View the profiles of people named Jenny Eberhardt. Understanding racial disparities in New York City’s stop-and-frisk policy, Racial disparities in incarceration increase acceptance of punitive policies, Data for change: A statistical analysis of police stops, searches, handcuffings, and arrests in Oakland, Calif, Derogating the victim: The interpersonal consequences of blaming events on discrimination, Inequality, discrimination, and the power of the status quo: Direct evidence for a motivation to see the way things are as the way they should be, Greensboro puts focus on reducing racial bias, The disproportionate risks of driving while Black, Framing inequity safely: Whites’ motivated perceptions of racial privilege, Public high school 4-year adjusted cohort graduation rate (ACGR), by race/ethnicity and selected demographic characteristics for the United States, the 50 states, and the District of Columbia: School year 2015–16 [Data table], The color of justice: Racial and ethnic disparity in state prisons, Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises, Understanding White Americans’ perceptions of racism in hurricane Katrina-related events, Racial disparities in SF traffic searches raise concerns of bias, Black child poverty rate holds steady, even as other groups see declines, Prejudice and perception: The role of automatic and controlled processes in misperceiving a weapon, Persuasion and resistance: Race and the death penalty in America, The threat of appearing prejudiced and race-based attentional biases, Language from police body camera footage shows racial disparities in officer respect, Police leaders join call to cut prison rosters, Evidence of Racial Disparities in the Criminal Justice System, The Numbers Don’t Speak for Themselves: Racial Disparities and the Persistence of Inequality in the Criminal Justice System, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017, National Center for Education Statistics, 2017, Hetey, Monin, Maitreyi, & Eberhardt, 2016, American Civil Liberties Union Foundation of Massachusetts, 2014, Epp, Maynard-Moody, & Haider-Markel, 2014, Stanford SPARQ & California Department of Justice, 2016, G. Adams, Edkins, Lacka, Pickett, & Cheryan, 2008, http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/cnn-panel-blows-up-after-guest-suggests-blacks-are-prone-to-crime/article/2596167, https://aclum.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/reports-black-brown-and-targeted.pdf, https://www.aclusocal.org/sites/default/files/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/11837125-LAPD-Racial-Profiling-Report-ACLU.pdf, https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/piusp01.pdf, https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/p13.pdf, https://www.brennancenter.org/analysis/national-agenda-reduce-mass-incarceration, https://www.nyclu.org/sites/default/files/publications/2012_Report_NYCLU_0.pdf, https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/p10.pdf, https://stanford.app.box.com/v/Data-for-Change, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/12/us/greensboro-puts-focus-on-reducing-racial-bias.html, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/25/us/racial-disparity-traffic-stops-driving-black.html, https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/tables/ACGR_RE_and_characteristics_2015-16.asp, https://www.sentencingproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/The-Color-of-Justice-Racial-and-Ethnic-Disparity-in-State-Prisons.pdf, http://www.sfchronicle.com/crime/article/Racial-disparities-in-SF-traffic-searches-raise-7235690.php, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/07/14/black-child-poverty-rate-holds-steady-even-as-other-groups-see-declines/, http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2016/06/27/on-views-of-race-and-inequality-blacks-and-whites-are-worlds-apart/, https://stanford.app.box.com/s/e3ik3z20be2k9k6p6pluo9o42wdz5cni, https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/21/us/police-leaders-join-call-to-cut-prison-rosters.html?_r=0.