Incidence of CIN3+ (A) and CIN2+ (B) for baseline HPV and cytology-negative participants attending 48-month exit screen. Jeronimo 2. Automation assisted and liquid based cytology for cervical cancer screening: MSAC 1122—assessment report. For 20 years, cervical cancer screening using HPV testing has been evaluated in a variety of settings. (Referred to herein as “HPV Testing Alone.”) Importance  The full trial protocol and statistical analysis plan are available in Supplement 1. Screening for cervical cancer has advantages and disadvantages. LSIL=low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion as predicted by cytology. It was assumed that this rate would be applicable to the control group and the alternate hypothesis assumed that the rate in the intervention group would be 0.5 times this rate (ie, 4.0 per 1000). Cumulative colposcopy referral rates (per 1000) were similar between both groups (intervention: 106.2 [95% CI, 100.2-112.5]; control: 101.5 [95% CI, 95.6-107.8]; absolute difference between intervention and control: 4.7 [95% CI, −4.0 to 13.4]).  JE, Bentley The standard screening method is cervical cytology, also called “Pap test”. Women aged 25 to 65 years with no history of CIN2+ in the past 5 years, no history of invasive cervical cancer, or no history of hysterectomy; who have not received a Papanicolaou test within the past 12 months; and who were not receiving immunosuppressive therapy were eligible. HPV-based screening resulted in lower likelihood of CIN3+ than cytology after 48 months, but further research is needed to understand long-term clinical outcomes as well as cost-effectiveness. Disease detection and resource use in the safety and control arms of the HPV FOCAL cervical cancer screening trial. First, to provide a complete census of events at 48 months, women in both groups received HPV and cytology co-testing. Colposcopy referral rates (per 1000) in the intervention group were significantly higher in round 1 (intervention: 57.0 [95% CI, 52.5-61.9] vs control: 30.8 [95% CI, 27.5-34.5]; absolute difference between intervention and control: 26.2 [95% CI, 20.4-32.1]). The CIN3+ risk ratio was 0.42 (95% CI, 0.25-0.69). By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our, 2021 American Medical Association. Those who did not have an event but became trial ineligible were censored. It compared the efficacy of three screening methods: HPV primary screening, cytology (Pap test), and a hybrid strategy (cytology for women aged 25 to 29 years and co-testing for women aged ≥30 years)—the latter of which matches the current guideline—in more than 40,000 women undergoing routine cervical …  WK, Ault Primary HPV screening every 5 years with partial genotyping is predicted to be substantially more effective and potentially cost-saving compared with the current cytology-based screening programme undertaken every 2 years. Effectiveness modelling and economic evaluation of primary HPV screening for cervical cancer prevention in New Zealand. We assessed studies comparing two tests to screen for cervical cancer: the HPV test (Human papillomavirus test) and the Pap test otherwise known as cervical smear or Papanicolaou test. The primary outcome was the cumulative incidence of CIN3+ 48 months following randomization. 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